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Clearly, the overall process is a complex combination of chemical and physical steps. This physical-chemical circuit is built in analogy with the electrical circuit shown at the bottom of the figure. Restricting our attention now to a single pellet and its immediate environment, the various steps involved in the overall process are shown in Figure 7.1. Consider the reaction between aniline and methanol on pellets of alumina to give dimethylaniline: Let the pellets be placed in a flowing stream of reactants inside a tubular reactor. Together these constitute the microenvironment of the catalyst pellet and form the subject matter of this chapter. Another problem of equal importance is the transport of the reactant from the fluid bulk to the catalyst surface-often referred to as external diffusion. Thus the problem of internal diffusion accompanied by reaction becomes important. Solid catalysts by their very nature involve diffusion of reactant fluids within their matrix.
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